【视频】of the Spine） 中英文字幕：脊柱的解剖（Anatomy-颈肩腰腿痛专业治疗

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Anatomy of the Spine
脊柱的解剖
Overview（概述）
The spinal column is the body's main support structure. Its thirty-three bones, called vertebrae, are divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.
脊柱是身体的主要支撑结构，由33块称为椎骨的骨头组成，分为五个区域：颈、胸、腰、骶、尾骨。
Cervical Region（颈椎）
The cervical region consists of seven vertebrae labeled C1 to C7. The first cervical vertebra is called the atlas. The second is called the axis. Together, the atlas and axis form the joint that connects the spine to the skull and allows the head to swivel and nod.
颈椎由七块脊椎骨组成，分别称为颈1～颈7（C1～C7）。第一颈椎又称为寰椎。第二颈椎又称为枢椎。寰椎和枢椎形成一个连接脊柱和头骨的关节，允许头部旋转和点头。
Thoracic Region（胸椎）
The thoracic region, located in the mid-back, consists of twelve vertebrae labeled T1 to T12. These vertebrae serve as attachment points for the ribcage.
胸椎位于背中部，由12块脊椎骨组成，分别称为胸1～胸12（T1～T12）。这些椎骨作为肋骨的连接点。
Lumbar Region（腰椎）
The lumbar region, commonly called the lower back, consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5. This is the main weight-bearing section of the spinal column.
腰椎通常称为下背部，由5块脊椎骨组成，分别称为腰1～腰5（L1～L5)。这是脊柱的主要承重部分。
Sacral region（骶椎）
The sacral region consists of five fused vertebrae labeled S1 to S5. These vertebrae form a solid mass of bone, called the sacrum蝶形封头 , which provides the attachment point for the pelvis.
骶骨由5块脊椎骨融合而成千龙湖，分别称为骶1～骶5（S1～S5)。这些椎骨形成一块坚固的骨块我也是醉了 ，称为骶骨，为盆骨提供连接点。
Coccygeal Region（尾椎）
The coccygeal region, commonly called the tailbone,蒋多多 consists of four small vertebrae. These tiny bones may be fused or separate. Together they form the coccyx, an attachment point for various muscles, tendons and ligaments. The coccyx also helps support the body when a person is sitting.
尾椎，俗称尾骨，由4个小椎骨组成。这些小骨头可融合在一起，或各自分开。他们一起形成尾骨刘雪婧 ，作为各种肌肉、肌腱和韧带的附着点谈笑江湖 。当一个人坐着时，尾骨也能帮助支持身体。
Vertebrae（椎骨）
All together夜空的彼岸 , the vertebrae of the spine's five regions support the weight of the body and protect the spinal cord and nerve roots. Each individual vertebra has a complex set of structures necessary to the overall function of the spine.
脊柱的五个区域的脊椎骨共同支持身体的重量和保护脊髓和神经根。每个椎体都有一套复杂的结构，为完成脊柱整体功能所需。
Vertebral Body（椎体）
The main structure of a vertebra is the vertebral body -- a cylinder-shaped section of bone at the front of the vertebra. It is the main weight-bearing section of the vertebra.
脊椎骨的主要结构是椎体，即位于椎体前部的圆柱状骨块焖子的做法 。它是脊椎骨的主要承重部分。
Vertebral Canal（椎管）
Behind the vertebral body is the vertebral canal. The spinal cord travels through this channel.
椎体后方是椎管。有脊髓通过这个管道。
Spinal Cord（脊髓）
The spinal cord is the main bundle of nerve fibers connecting the brain to the rest of the body. The spinal cord ends near the L1 and L2 vertebrae, where it divides into bundles of nerve roots called the cauda equina.
脊髓是连接大脑与身体其他部分的主要神经纤维束。脊髓终止于腰1或腰2椎体，在这里，脊髓分为成束的神经根称为马尾神经。
Nerve Roots（神经根）
Exiting the sides of the spine are nerve roots, thick nerve branches that transmit signals between the spinal cord and the other parts of the body.
脊柱的两侧有神经根分出，粗大的神经分支在脊髓和身体其他部位间传递信号须佐之男 。
Pedicles（椎弓根）
On either side of the vertebral canal are pedicle bones, which connect the vertebral body to the lamina.
椎管的两侧是椎弓根，它将椎体与椎板连在一起。
Lamina（椎板）
The lamina create the outer wall of the vertebral canal杨佳晏, covering and protecting the spinal cord.
椎板形成椎管外壁，覆盖和保护脊髓。
Spinous Process（棘突）
Protruding from the back of the lamina is the spinous process. It provides an attachment point for muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae.
从椎板后面突出的是棘突。它是活动和稳定脊柱的肌肉和韧带的连接点。
Transverse Processes（横突）
Transverse processes protrude from the sides of each vertebra. Muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae attach to the transverse processes.
横突从每个椎骨的侧面突起。也有活动和稳定椎骨的肌肉和韧带附着在横突上。
Articular Facet（关节突）
The articular facets form the joints where each vertebra connects with the vertebrae above and below it. Each vertebra has four facets (two superior facets and two inferior facets). The facet joints have a covering of cartilage, which allows movement.
上下椎骨的关节突相连形成关节。每个椎骨有四个关节突（两个上关节突和和两个下关节突）三界血歌。关节突关节有一个软骨覆盖，允许运动。
Intervertebral Disc（椎间盘）
Between the vertebral bodies are the tough, elastic spinal discs. They provide a flexible cushion, allowing the vertebrae to bend and twist. Each disc has a tough outer wall called the annulus fibrosus and a soft interior called the nucleus pulposus.
椎体之间是坚韧有弹性的椎间盘。他们提供了一个柔韧的垫张世豪原型 ，使脊椎能够屈伸和扭转。每个椎间盘有坚韧的外壁称为纤维环，柔软的内部称为髓核。
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